/* ===== Hero ===== */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  padding-block: calc(var(--nav-height) + var(--space-7)) var(--space-9);
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: clamp(600px, 90vh, 900px);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  isolation: isolate;
}

/* Foreground container sits above the absolute backdrop. */
.hero > .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: 100%;
}

.hero__text {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
}

/* Soft cream halo behind the text so it stays readable over the
   photonic backdrop. Extends well beyond the text bounds so the falloff
   is gentle, not a hard disc. */
.hero__text::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: -8% -12%;
  z-index: -1;
  background: radial-gradient(
    ellipse at center,
    var(--bg-primary) 18%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-primary) 70%, transparent) 45%,
    transparent 78%
  );
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero__eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.hero__wordmark {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 7vw + 1rem, 6rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  text-shadow:
    0 0 24px var(--bg-primary),
    0 0 12px var(--bg-primary);
}

.hero__tagline {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1.8vw + 0.5rem, 1.75rem);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--accent-secondary);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  text-shadow: 0 0 16px var(--bg-primary), 0 0 8px var(--bg-primary);
}

.hero__subtitle {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  max-width: 56ch;
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-6);
  text-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--bg-primary), 0 0 6px var(--bg-primary);
}

.hero__cta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--space-3);
}

.hero__institution {
  margin-top: var(--space-7);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  padding-top: var(--space-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  width: 100%;
}

.hero__institution img {
  height: 32px;
  width: auto;
}

/* ===== Photonic MVM demonstration — hero backdrop layer =====
   Absolute fill of the hero. 60/40 grid (SVG mesh | math display) on
   screens >= 768px, single column below. Card styling stripped so it
   reads as a ghost behind the foreground text. Pointer events off so
   CTAs remain clickable.
*/
.photonic-demo {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.30;

  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-6);
  align-items: center;
  padding: clamp(var(--space-5), 5vw, var(--space-8));
  margin: 0;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  max-width: none;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .photonic-demo {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) minmax(0, 1fr);  /* 60 / 40 */
    gap: var(--space-7);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .photonic-demo {
    opacity: 0.12;
  }
}

.photonic-demo__svg {
  min-width: 0;
}

.photonic-demo__svg svg {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 500px;
  display: block;
}

.photonic-demo__math {
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-4);
}

.photonic-demo__math-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-2);
  text-align: center;
}

/* ----- One row of the equation (matrix · vector, or just y vector) ----- */
.math-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--space-2);
}

/* ----- Bracketed container: clean 3-sided rectangles hugging content ----- */
.bracketed {
  position: relative;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  display: inline-block;
}
.bracketed::before,
.bracketed::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 8px;
  border: 2px solid var(--text-primary);
}
.bracketed::before { left: 0;  border-right: none; }
.bracketed::after  { right: 0; border-left:  none; }

/* ----- Matrix and vector grids ----- */
.matrix-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 36px);
  gap: 4px 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono), ui-monospace, monospace;
  font-size: 15px;
  text-align: center;
}

.matrix-grid--vector {
  grid-template-columns: 36px;
}

.matrix-grid .cell {
  padding: 2px 0;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.matrix-grid .cell--symbol {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* ----- Operators ----- */
.math-dot {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 22px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  padding-inline: 6px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.math-equals {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 30px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent-primary);
  line-height: 1;
  margin-block: var(--space-2);
}

/* ===== Vision section ===== */
.vision {
  background: var(--bg-tertiary);
}

.vision__stat-grid {
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-4);
}

@media (min-width: 700px) {
  .vision__stat-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}

.vision__case-cta {
  /* Generous gap so the link clearly separates from the gold-bar stat cards above. */
  margin-top: var(--space-7);
  text-align: right;
}

/* ===== Research-at-a-glance ===== */
.research-glance .card {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
}

.research-glance .card__icon {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-primary) 10%, transparent);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.research-glance .card__icon svg { width: 24px; height: 24px; }

.research-glance .card__num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--accent-secondary);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.research-glance .card__arrow {
  color: var(--accent-primary);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-top: auto;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-2);
}

/* ===== Featured publications ===== */
.featured-pubs {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-4);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .featured-pubs { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}

.pub-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--space-2);
}

.pub-card__venue {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.pub-card__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.pub-card__title a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--accent-primary), var(--accent-primary));
  background-size: 0 1px;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: 0 100%;
  transition: background-size var(--dur-base) var(--ease), color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

.pub-card__title a:hover {
  background-size: 100% 1px;
  color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.pub-card__authors {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.pub-card__authors .pi {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.pub-card__authors .lab {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-secondary) 60%, transparent);
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
}

.pub-card__summary {
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-style: italic;
}

/* ===== Recent news preview ===== */
.news-preview {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-4);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .news-preview { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
}

.news-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  background: var(--bg-secondary);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform var(--dur-base) var(--ease),
              border-color var(--dur-base) var(--ease),
              box-shadow var(--dur-base) var(--ease);
}

.news-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: var(--accent-primary);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.news-card__media {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  background: var(--bg-tertiary);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.news-card__media img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 600ms var(--ease);
}

.news-card:hover .news-card__media img {
  transform: scale(1.04);
}

.news-card__body {
  padding: var(--space-4);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  flex: 1;
}

.news-card__date {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--accent-secondary);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-card__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.news-card__teaser {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* ===== "In the world" horizontal carousel ===== */
.world-rail {
  position: relative;
}

.world-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  overflow-x: auto;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
  padding-bottom: var(--space-4);
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  scroll-padding-left: var(--space-5);
}

.world-track::-webkit-scrollbar { height: 6px; }
.world-track::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background: var(--border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

.world-card {
  flex: 0 0 320px;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  padding: var(--space-4);
  background: var(--bg-secondary);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: transform var(--dur-base) var(--ease),
              border-color var(--dur-base) var(--ease);
}

.world-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.world-card__outlet {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.world-card__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.world-card__date {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-top: auto;
}

.world-card--placeholder {
  border-style: dashed;
  background: transparent;
}

.world-card--placeholder .world-card__title {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-style: italic;
}

.section-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.section-head__title {
  margin: 0;
}

.section-head__link {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--accent-primary);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.section-head__link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }